The U.S. Constitution did not explicitly mention slavery, slaves, or freed blacks in the original text. Framers of the U.S. Constitution inserted the three-fifths compromise, in which slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person, for the purpose of apportioning seats in the House of Representatives—thereby increasing the power of the slave states in Congress. The U.S. Constitution also contained a fugitive slave clause, which referred only to persons “held to service or labour,” and enforced the rights of slaveholders to reclaim runaway slaves. In addition, the U.S. Constitution prohibited the importation of slaves after 1808, but the language did not refer to Africans. The inclusion of these clauses in the nation’s founding document is a testament to the economic and political influence of the institution of slavery at the founding of the country.
The United States Constitution, as printed by Philadelphia’s Claypoole and Dunlap on September 9, 1787, is a significant document in American history. Here’s a brief overview of its context and importance:
Historical Context
- Constitutional Convention: The document was created during the Constitutional Convention held in Philadelphia in 1787. Delegates from the thirteen original states gathered to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, which had proved inadequate in governing the newly independent United States.
- Ratification: After extensive debate and revision, the final draft of the Constitution was signed on September 17, 1787. The version printed by Claypoole and Dunlap was an early printed copy intended for distribution and review by the public and the states.
- Significance: The Constitution established a stronger federal government with an intricate system of checks and balances among the three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. It replaced the Articles of Confederation and has since been the foundation of the U.S. government.
The Printing Process
- Claypoole and Dunlap: John Dunlap was a prominent printer known for his work during the American Revolution, including printing the Declaration of Independence. Claypoole’s name is less well-known but was associated with early American printing. Their role in disseminating the Constitution was crucial for its widespread visibility and subsequent ratification.
- Early Copies: The September 9, 1787, printings would have been among the first distributed to inform the public and state legislatures of the new framework of government. These early copies were instrumental in generating discussion and support for the Constitution.
Impact
- Ratification: The Constitution was sent to the states for ratification, and after a vigorous debate, it was ratified by the necessary number of states and took effect on March 4, 1789.
- Legacy: The U.S. Constitution is the longest-lasting written constitution still in use today. It has been amended 27 times to address various issues and adapt to changing circumstances.
In summary, the Philadelphia Claypoole and Dunlap printing of September 9, 1787, represents an important milestone in the dissemination and adoption of the U.S. Constitution, a cornerstone of American democracy.